[i]Resolution of the Pan-Western Constitutional Convention of 1925, held in the city of Salt Lake, by the Constituent Assembly of the West, the Committee for the Unification of Cascadia, and the Committee for the Unification of Deseret, as the supreme representative of the sovereignty of the people and the expression of the unanimous will of all of the peoples of the West.
Trusting in God and the righteousness of our cause, we hereby establish the Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West, with the intent of the unification of all Western Peoples into an equal fraternal union of all Western nations and regions. So as to secure principles of liberty, equality, fraternity, justice, domestic tranquility, the free and inviolable development of the individual, the solidarity of the community and the family, prosperity, the moral virtue of our society, we do hereby establish this Constitution for the Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West. Versions of this constitution shall be prepared in English, Polish, French, Spanish, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, and shall be valid in all of these languages.[/i]
[b]1 - Federal government and the Regions[/b]
1 - The Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West is a Federal Commonwealt, its authority deriving from the people.
2 - Its territory is composed of those regions which it governs, Radowska and California, with long term intent for union with the regions of Cascadia and Deseret, along with the Federal District of Westeros. Its language will be that of those languages official within these regions, these being English, Polish, French, Spanish, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish.
3 - International law and those elements of Commonwealth law as applicable to California are binding elements of Californian law.
4 - State authority is exercised by Federal institutions in accord with this constitution, in Regions by respective regional authorities in accord with Regional constitutions.
5 - The Federal government has exclusive authority in regards to;
A - Foreign affairs
B - Colonial affairs
C - Nationality, freedom of movement, immigration, emigration, and extradition
D - National defense, although the existence of local military units may be authorized
E - National currency
D - Customs union, the union of the customs and trade territory, and freedom of movement of merchandise
F - Postal and telegraph service, including telephone service
6 - It exercises additional legislation in regards to;
A - Civil law
B - Penal law
C - Juridstiction including the execution of sentences as well as judicail assistance between government offices
D - Passport affairs and the registration of aliens
E - Welfare for the poor and the disadvantaged
F - Press, clubs, assemblies
G - Population policy, motherhood, baby, children, and youth welfare
H - Healthcare, veterinary affairs, protection of plants against diseases and parasites
I - Labour legislation, insurance, and protection of workers and employees as well as certification of employment
J - The establishment of institutions representing occupations within Western territory
K - Welfare for combattants and surviving dependents
L - Law of expropriation
M - Nationalization of natural resources, economic enterprises, and production, distribution, and pricing of merchandise for the social economy
N - Trade, measurements, the distribution of paper money, construction, and stock markets
O - The sale of food as well as other goods of daily consumption
P - Industry and mining
Q - Insurances
R - Merchant shipping, ocean and coastal shipping
S - Railroads, inland navigation, motor vehicle traffic on land, water, and in the air, the construction of overland roads, as far as these serve general traffic and national defense
T - Theatres, cinemas, and other areas of public culture
U - Taxation and other revenues, as used to pay its expenses.
V - Rights and obligations of religious communities, education system, public officials in public bodies, laws pertaining to land, distribution, settlement, obligations concerning ownership of land, housing and distribution of population, and funerals, as is covered again in sections relating to Social rights.
W - Establish principles for the legality and manner of collection of state dues and taxes, to avoid various problems such as the diminuation of Federal revenue and damage to Western trade relations, avoid double taxation, avoid excessive or obstructive burdens in the forms of tolls on the use of public roads or institutions, avoid discrimination against goods produced in various sections of the country, and avoid the subvention of exports and to preserve interests of society.
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7 - If the Federal government does not make use of its right to legislate, the states are entitled to legislate, except in regards to those areas exclusively under the juridsdiction of the Federal government. The Federal government has the right to object where these interfer with federal laws, in particular in regards to 6M.
8 - If Federal and Regional laws do not harmonize, either authority may request for the Western Supreme Court to decide the matter.
9 - Immediate Federal administration of Regions shall be so far as possible be done by administrations of state citizenship.
10 - All Regions must have constitutions according with the democratic ideals as laid forth in theis constitution, elected by equal, immediate, and secret ballot by universal male suffrage, with Regional governments holding the confidence of Regional parliaments.
11 - The Regions of the West are declared California and Radowska as immediately governed, with Cascadia and Deseret to join at a future date. These regions are indivisible and cannot be split. Additional territories that come under Western control can be created as Regions by a majority of both chambers of the Western Parliament, providing they have a minimal population of 500,000. A referendum must be held with the regional population voting for or against statehood.
12 - Where constitution debates within a Region, where no court is responsible to deal with, as well as in matters of non-private matter between various Regions or between a Region and the Federal government, the Supreme Court decidesi n the name of the West.
13 - The Western Nation is indivisible, but respecting of the integration and unique heritages of the regions that compose and will compose it. Thusly, the Constitution of the Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West recognizes regions as holding the right to;
A - Determine their own political, economic, and cultural organization, in accord with the great ideals of individual liberty, the values of the community, and the principles of free and independent development as expressed by the West.
B - Decide their own regulations and solve conflicts, again in accord with the general principles of the Constitution, for the protection of the individual and minority groups.
C - Preserve and enrich their own customs, languages, traditions, and practices, as part of the free development of the Community which will take place under the West.
4 - In the interests of their free development, assistance from the Federal Government will be tendered as practical. This will aim to ensure the shared prosperity of all regions and people of the West, united under the principles of equality and the protection of regional customs and traditions.
A - It is the obligation of the Federal Government to encourage the development of the regions of the West, and to strengthen their economies and the standard of living of the people inhabiting such areas. This should be done in cooperation with local authorities and institutions to best guide such development.
B - Equal opportunity and equal development of the West is a sacred pillar of our aimed society, so that a shared prosperity can be found across the lands that we administrative and which will one day rally to our banner.
C - Promote a national education system, which takes into account the peculiar institutions, traditions, and customs of each of the West's region, promoting both rational development but also the unique heritage of peoples.
14 - Colonial territories are held in sacred trust by the West, and do not receive representation to the Western parliament, and have no duties or obligations beyond those pertaining to the sacred trust as laid out previously by the Commonwealth of Greater California in 1922.
[b]2 - Legislature[/b]
1 - A Federal Parliament will be established as a bicameral legislature, with an upper house composed of the Western Senate, and a lower house composed of a Western Assembly. It is composed of representatives elected by the Western people, who have to follow nothing but their conscience and are not bound to instructions.
2 - All members of parliament are elected in a general, equal, immediate, and secret elections; voters are all men over the age of 21 years; the election is held according to the principles of a representative election. Elections must be held on a sunday or public holiday, with further details determined by Federal law
3 - The Federal parliament is elected to serve every 5 years. Elections must occur within 60 days after the expiration of the five-year New elections can be held upon a dissolution of the parliament by the Governor-General, the Prime Minister loses a vote of confidence, or a supermajority of the Western parliament votes for new elections.
4 - The Parliament must meet at once every year, such meetings shall be held as decided by law.
5 - The Federal Parliament elects its president, his vice-president, and his secretaries, and establishes its rules of procedures. These continue to proceed business in between sessions or election periods. The president exercises domestic right and police authority within the Federal Parliament building, and is responsible for ithe Parlaiement's administration, disposition over revenues and expensives, in accordance with the Western budget, and represents the Western Parlaiment in all legal transactions and disputes concerning its administration.
6 - Federal Parliament sessions are public. The public can be excluded in the case of a supermajority of the Parliament deciding in favor of their exclusion.
7 - In election investigation court will be established, for deciding if a Legislator has lost their mandate. Membership will be members of the Federal parlaiment, and the Federal Administration Court.
8 - All decisions will be by simple majority of votes, unless if the constituion prescribes a different relation of votes. Rules of procedure establish quorum.
9 - The Federal Parliament can demand the presence of the Western Governor-General, as well as that of every individual Federal Minister,. The Federal Parliament is entitled to, and in the case a fifth of its members move for it, is obliged to establish inquiry committees collecting in public sessions evidence they or moves regard as necessary. They can exclude the public if two third of members vote for doing so. They are regulated by the rules of procedure, which also fix the number of members. Courts and administration are obliged to answer committee requests, and administration records have to be presented to them upon request.
10 - The Western Senate shall be composed of 24 senators per Region administrated by the Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West, and 1 senator to represent the Federal District. Qualifications for senators shall be an age of 30 years, that they be a Western citizen, that they be a resident of the Region for which they were elected. Senators may by their own writing adressed to the Governor-General resign, with their place thereupon vacant.
11 - The Western Assembly is represented by 1 representative per 200,000 people, apportioned by region. Qualifications for Assemblymen shall an age of 25 years, that they be a Western citizen, and that they be a resident of the region to which they are assigned. Assemblymen may by their own writing adressed to the Governor-General resign, with their place thereupon vacant.
12 - Readjustment of election districts of Western representatives shall occur every 10 years, with the first re-adjustment to take place in 1935.
13 - Bills for appropriating public revenue or imposing taxes shall originate in the Western Assembly.
14 - The Government of the Commonwealth of Greater California is responsible to the Western Assembly.
[b]3 - Governor-General, Prime Minister, Sovereign[/b]
1- The Sovereign and Executive of the Commonwealth is the British Monarch.
2 - The Western Governor General is appointed by the British Monarch, with the advice of the Californian prime minister, to represent the British Monarch. They act twithin the principles of parliamentary democracy and responsibel government as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance, and as anonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power, as well as fulfilling those ceremonial functions the sovereign cannot otherwise carry out.
3 - He is responsible for royal assent to bills, in the name of the British Monarch, either assenting to in the Monarchy's name, withholding the Monarchy's assent, or reserving the bill for the Monarchy's pleasure. The Governor General will also send an authentic copy of the act to one of tthe Monarchy's principal Secretaries of State, and if the QuMonarch within two years after receipt thereof by the Secretary of State thinks fit to disallow the Act, suchdisallowance (with a being signified by the Governor General by Sspeech or message to each of the Houses of the Parlaiment or by proclomation, shall annul the Act from and after such date. A bill reserved for the Monarch's privilege will not come into force until two years from the day on which it was presented to the Governor General for the Monarchy's assent, or until the Monarch has indicated their assent or lack thereof.
4 - The Head of the Californian Government is the Californian Prime Minister, who's duties, rights, selection, and obligations are listed by law.
[b]4 - Judicial[/b]
1 - The judicial powre of the Commonwealth shall be vested in a Federal Supreme Court, to be called the Supreme Court of the West, and in other federal courts as Parliament creates, and in other courts as it invests with federal jurisdiction. The Supreme Court shall consist of 7 justices.
2 - Justices shall be appointed by the Prime Minister of the West.They shall not be removed except by the Governor-General on an address from both Houses of Parliament in the same session, on grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity.
3 - Justices shall receive such renumeration as Parliament may fix, but which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
4 - The term of a Justice of the Supreme Court shall be until his attining of seventy years, and a person shall not be be appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court if they have attained that age. The same conditions shall apply for other Federal courts, and the Parliament may make a law fixing an age that is less than seventy years as the maximum age for Justices of a court created by Parliament, and may at any time repeal or amend such a law. Such repeal or amendment does not affect the term of office of a Justice under an appointment made before the repeal or amendment.
5 - The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court shall be fixed by law, and in all matters the judgement of the Supreme Court shall be final and conclusive.
[b]5 - Rights[/b]
1 - All individuals are entitled to the rights, duties, obligations, and immunities set forth in this constitution, which are not to be suspended or restricted except under those terms as set forth by the Constitution itself
2 - Slavery is forbidden within the territory of the Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West. All citizens are equal before the law.
3 - Nationality as a Westerner is native to any born in the West, and nationality and citizenship laws occurs on a national, rather than regional, specification, uniform throughout the West.
4 - The lingual rights of all Western citizens are respected, and no Western citizen will be forced to speak a language other than that which they wish to do so in education, local administration, and jurisdiction.
5 - Rights of the individual are inviolable, and limitations and deprivations of the liberty of the individual can only occur based on laws. The right of Habeas Corpus, trial before a Jury, to be informed by what agency the deprivation of their liberation has been occasioned, and the ability to protest against the deprivations of their liberty.
6 - The security of the individual within their home is inviolable, and a warrant will be a necessity in case of searches and seizures.
7 - Security and privacy of private correspondence is inviolable, with exceptions permitted only by Western law.
8 - An action is only punishable if described as punishable by a law before the act occurred.
9 - The freedom of speech is sacrosanct, and no Westerner shall be obstructed in their right to freely express their opinion through word, printing, and writing. There shall be no censorship except for the minimal amount required for the protection of public morality.
10 - The Federal Government of the Western Nation shall make no law respecting religion, and there shall be no State church, but Regional governments may favor particular religious sects, providing they respect the right to worship and freedom of conscience of all. Freedom to form religions communities is guaranteed, as is the unification of religious communities. Religious communities remain public corporations, and are given equal status to civic communities which cultivate the philosophy of life. They are entitled to raise taxes upon their members, and they have the right to own public property and endowments. Sunday and other state holidays designated as days of rest from work and spiritual collections, are protected by law, while soldiers will be given appropriate free time for their religious obligations. Religious organizations have to be permitted fin the army, hospitals, prisons, and other public institutions, so far as thre is demand for their work. Additional regulationions will be handled by law.
[b]6 - Social rights[/b]
1 - The primacy of the family as the basic and natural unit of social organization is respected, and shall be protected by the State. Marriage is the basic foundation of the family, and the institution of Marriage shall be protected and upheld by the State and communities, based on the equality of those within its sacred union. Motherhood shall be placed under state protection and welfare.
2 - It is the right and obligation for parents to raise children to bodily, spiritual, and physical fitness, and the State may only supervise and assist. Large families will be eligible for governmental assistance.
3 - The development of the individual takes place within the community, and thus the health and vitality of the community must be protected. Youth is to be preserved against moral corruption, bodily neglect, and exploitation, carefully respecting to the highest possible degree the rights of parents to the upbringing of children.
4 - Peaceful and unarmed assembly of all Westerners is recognized, not requiring special permission. In cases of danger or for assemblies taking place in the open, law can require notification, and in case of imminent danger, be restricted or prohibited.
5 - The right of free association for all Westerners is recognized and shall be upheld, except in those cases in which such rights conflict with penal codes and represent a suitable danger to public safety.
6 - Liberty and security of the ballot is to be guaranteed.
7 - All Westerners have the right to petition to local and federal government for redress or grievance.
8 - All citizens are entitled to seek public office.
9 - Obligations upon Western citizens shall be provided for by law, and all Western citizens have certain obligations towards their communities, regions, and federal government. Honorary activities will be required in accordance with the law, and in the defense of the Nation conscription may be required, in which case the rights of the individual may be limited in the name of the national security. Military Law will regulate to the extent of such limitations on the rights of the individual.
10 - The contribution of citizens to society shall occur in relations to the means, in accordance with the law.
11 - The arts, science, and instruction are free, and the State will assist in their development and cultivation. Furthermore, artistic, historical, and natural monuments and the landscape will enjoy State protection and care, so as to endeavor to promote a Pan-Western culture.
12 - The education of youth will be free and compulsory for the period of at least 8 years, and free up to the 18th year, along with instruction and learning aids being free of charge. Education will be undertaken by state supervision which may give a share of that supervision to communities. Private schools in lieu of public schools require state approval and are subject to state laws, and approval must be granted if they meet the standards of schools and those requirements as laid out in the law and the constitution. Supervision in all cases both public and private is to be by suitable qualified teachers except in those cases where the impossibility of such arrangements exists.
In these areas, the soonest possible action will be undertaken towards its rectification.
13 - The organization of the school system may base acceptance of a child on talent and inclination, but not economic, social, and religious positions and confessions of the child and parents. The right of parents and those responseibel for the upbringing of the child must be considered, with additional details dictated by education otherwise. Funds must be provided to allow poor children access to school until their education is completed, with financial grants to parents to be a right as well, so so long as children are qualified for education in middle and high schools.
14 - All schools must word towards ethical education, patriotic spirit, and personal and ocupational fitness in the spirit of the West. Civics and teachings by doing are school subjects, while a text of the constitution will be given to each pupil upon graduation. Secondary education will be promoted by the State, regions, and communities.
15 - Religious instruction is a subject at schools except those without confession, and it will be regulated by school legislation. It will be taught in accordance with the principles of the respective religious community, notwithstanding the state's right of supervision. Participation decisions are a willfull activity of teachers, and the decisions of the child is left to parents.
16 - The West's economy aims to promote a life of dignity for everyone, with the economic liberty of the individual to be secured. Freedom of trade and industry will be realized by Western law.
17 - Freedom of contrast is the foundation of economic transactions, according to laws, with ursury and legal transactions offending the moral sense of the community invalid.
18 - Property is guaranteed by the constitution, with laws determining its content and limitations. Expropriation may only be decreed on valid laws and for public welfare, with appropriate compensate unless otherwise specified by Western law. The right of inheritance is guarateed by law, although the State may make laws dictating a share in such inheritance.
20 - The State may transfer economic interprises suited for nationalization into common properties, if regulations concerning expropiations are bobeyed and compensation fairly awarded. It may also join in the administration of economic entpeerprises and syndicates, instruct Regions to take part in their administration. In case of urgent demand the Federal government may enforce the merger of economic enterprises and syndicates in the public's interest, to assure efficient production.
21 - Labour enjoys special protection, and the Federaal government will provide uniform labour codes. The right to form unions and to improve conditions at work as well as in the economy is guaranteed to every individual in all ocupations, with measures and agreements limiting or obstructing this right illegal.
22 - Intellectual creation, the rights of authors, inventors, and artists enjoy the protection and care of the Federal government. The achievements of Western science, art, and technology will be given recognition and protection abroad by international treaties.
23 - Those in the service or employment, as a worker or salaried employee, are ientitled to make full use of their civic rights provided it does not considerable economic damage to the enterprise. They shall be granted free time for the exercise of those obligations required of them by the public, with continued pay.
24 - The protection of motherhood must be undertaken through the formation and continued employment of clinics and medical institutions to assist mothers during pregnancy, while the Federal government will make continue efforts to extend the institutions of public health for the general benefit of the population.
25 - It is the obligation of every Westerner, notwithstanding his personal liberty, to invest their intellectual and physical energy to the public benefit. All Westerners should have the opportunity to earn a living by economic labour, with financial support during periods where job openings cannot be provided.
26 - The small farmer and self-employed being a bedrock of public morality, and the health of society, their interests are to be promoted for their protection against takeover and overburdening.
[b]7 - Establishment of the Pan-Western state[/b]
1 - The intended borders of the Western state are composed of California, Radowska, Deseret, and Cascadia.
2 - Other regions that indicate their freely expressed will for union with the Federal Commonwealth of the Greater West are eligable for membership.
3 - All people from regions of Deseret and Cascadia are automatically eligable for Western citizenship if they so choose upon entering Western territory.
4 - The ideals of the Western State are fundamentally incompatible with division and disunity, and no Region or part of the West can independently choose secession from the West unless if the Parliament of the West authorizes seccession or otherwise removes territory from its juridsdiction.
[b]8 - Alterations of the Constitution [/b]
1 - Amendments to the Constitution of the Federal Commonwealth of the West may be proposed by either both houses of the Federal Parliament, or a national convention of the states. The Constitutional amendment must then be ratified by 3/4ths of the Regions. No Region shall be, without its consennt, deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.
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